Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus: A Virologist’s Perspective of the Literature and a Few Recommendations

Abstract Background and goals Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of disease, a major threat to grape production vineyard profitability. Several species Cicadellidae Membracidae, including three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus), have been reported transmit GRBV in greenhouse, but their capacity act as vectors remains source confusion. This article examines literature on transmission provides recommendations convincingly identify arthropod vectors. Methods key findings We thoroughly evaluated assays that thus far, critically analyzed strengths limitations. identified experimental ambiguities discussed how these prevented recognition S. festinus vector epidemiological relevance vineyard. Based our assessments given circulative mode GRBV, we formulated few accurately determine spreads, by which insect These include testing salivary glands candidates for virus, determination an optimal acquisition access period, use plants gut clearing following period preceding inoculation inclusion excised grapevine leaves recipient tissue assays. Conclusions significance There great deal confusion about transmits Our pertain accurate identification vectors, turn provide opportunity address uncertainties relating transmission, will aid development disease management strategies.